ODNR Division of Forestry Ohio Trees - Smooth Sumac

America's forestry movement actually started in Ohio with the creation of the American Forestry Association in Cincinnati in 1875.


Lisa Bowers, (614) 728-4210
Program Administrator

Division of Forestry
2045 Morse Rd.
Building H1.
Columbus, OH 43229

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Smooth Sumac (Rhus glabra)

A deciduous tree or shrub from the Cashew Family (Anacardiaceae)
3-9
15'
15'
rapid
full/partial sun
irregular
dry soils
Smooth Sumac, so named because its first-year stems are smooth, rather than hairy (as in the closely related Staghorn Sumac), is present in all of Ohio, and in all of the contiguous 48 states of the United States, into southern Canada and northern Mexico.

This is the classic large shrub or small tree that forms a colony by three methods: suckers from the base and roots, seeds from female shrubs, and the spreading and sprawling lateral trunks of this strongly multitrunked plant. In terms of hardiness, Smooth Sumac can take cold winters and hot, dry summers.

For ornamental appeal, its sympodial branching, summer flowers, fall foliage colors, and ripened fruits on bare twigs in winter are first class. It provides food for wildlife, and its quick establishment on embankments and areas with a thin layer of soil above bedrock assists greatly in erosion control.

Individual specimens of Smooth Sumac may grow 15 feet tall and 15 feet wide, but colonies have an indefinite breadth. As a member of the Cashew Family, it is related to other Sumacs as well as to Cashew, Smokebush, and Pistachio.

Planting Requirements - Smooth Sumac is geographically ubiquitous, and is best described as a shrub or tree that will invade any neglected site, irrespective of moisture, soil, and pH conditions, so long as it does not have wet soil and provided that it is in full sun to partial sun. As it is frequently seen along roadsides, it obviously tolerates salt spray in winter, as well as air pollutants. It can be found in zones 3 to 9.

Potential Problems - Other than an occasional bout with Verticillium wilt, Smooth Sumac has minor afflictions from various diseases and pests, but nothing of major concern.

Leaf Identification Features
Leaves of Smooth Sumac are up to 1.5 feet long, alternate on the smooth stems, odd-pinnately compound, with many finely serrated leaflets that have a drawn-out tip.
Leaves have a red rachis, medium to dark green leaves, and outstanding fall color, in combinations of yellow, orange, and red, or simply a solid dark red.
Other Identification Features

Flowers of Smooth Sumac are dioecious, having male and female upright flowers that are greenish yellow but on separate plants in mid-summer.

The male tends to have a larger, more open flower than the female.


A male flower is shown from the closely related Staghorn Sumac. Fruits arise from fertilized female flowers, and change to a dark crimson in autumn in upright spires that droop in winter.

Fruit clusters slowly shatter their seeds during winter, if they are not consumed by wildlife as a food source.


Winter twigs of Smooth Sumac are very stout, orange-brown, lenticeled, with huge leaf scars that almost encircle the light-colored fuzzy buds.

Twigs are smooth, rather than hairy, and transition to rough, gray twigs that display sympodial branching from the branches, similar to that of Flowering Dogwood.

Always multitrunked, the lower trunks have dark gray to black bark that is lightly fissured to flaky.


The growth habit of all Sumacs is mounding, forming sprawling colonies by root suckers and also seeds that germinate nearby, if it is a female colony.